Статистика матча ТОППрм (А) vs ППК (А)

Dotabuff

Победа сил света

42 41 минута, 9 секунд 17

ТОППрм (А)

Силы тьмы
Игрок У С П ДК/НО NET ЗМ/ОМ Урон УПС Исц Предметы
25
kamakrazee 4 5 3 468/14 23K 608/859 11K 1.8K 0
16
supertransformer 1 12 8 23/0 6.7K 200/357 7K 0 0
20
aldiarchik 6 6 9 293/6 18K 492/571 20K 295 0
16
JAGGY 5 10 8 67/2 8.7K 261/358 12K 201 0
17
Genshuar 1 9 9 182/5 13K 327/421 11K 542 3K
3
4
6
7
9
12
13
16
17
20
22
24

ППК Славянова(А)

Силы света Победитель
Игрок У С П ДК/НО NET ЗМ/ОМ Урон УПС Исц Предметы
23
lakeleka 16 3 18 207/13 22K 546/732 29K 4.2K 1.5K
19
tertit 4 5 28 85/3 15K 355/483 13K 1K 1.1K
24
groove 13 2 18 257/3 23K 576/787 20K 3.8K 567
18
lomeka 1 6 28 110/3 13K 354/456 9.9K 169 0
25
Lowxy 8 1 14 438/22 29K 719/914 27K 18K 0
1
2
5
8
10
11
14
15
18
19
21
23
HP 462 MP 327

Io

Ranged - Support, Escape, Nuker
19 +3
14 +1.6
21 +1.7
  • Скорость передвижения
    320
  • Базовая атака
    21-27
  • Базовая броня
    3.8
  • Дальность атаки
    500
HP 728 MP 255

Centaur Warrunner

Melee - Durable, Initiator, Disabler, Nuker, Escape
27 +4
15 +1
15 +1.6
  • Скорость передвижения
    300
  • Базовая атака
    63-65
  • Базовая броня
    0.4
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 570 MP 267

Ursa

Melee - Carry, Durable, Disabler
25 +2.4
18 +2.8
16 +1.5
  • Скорость передвижения
    310
  • Базовая атака
    42-46
  • Базовая броня
    4.6
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 570 MP 450

Jakiro

Ranged - Support, Nuker, Pusher, Disabler
25 +2.5
15 +1.2
25 +3
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    52-60
  • Базовая броня
    3.4
  • Дальность атаки
    400
HP 462 MP 375

Dazzle

Ranged - Support, Nuker, Disabler
19 +2.3
20 +1.7
25 +3.5
  • Скорость передвижения
    305
  • Базовая атака
    19-25
  • Базовая броня
    4
  • Дальность атаки
    575
HP 660 MP 327

Largo

Melee - Durable, Disabler, Support
24 +3.6
14 +1.3
21 +2.6
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    63-69
  • Базовая броня
    4.24
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 498 MP 375

Disruptor

Ranged - Support, Disabler, Nuker, Initiator
21 +2.4
15 +1.4
20 +2.9
  • Скорость передвижения
    295
  • Базовая атака
    47-51
  • Базовая броня
    2.4
  • Дальность атаки
    625
HP 426 MP 327

Hoodwink

Ranged - Support, Nuker, Escape, Disabler
17 +2
25 +3.6
21 +2.9
  • Скорость передвижения
    315
  • Базовая атака
    47-54
  • Базовая броня
    5
  • Дальность атаки
    575
HP 480 MP 405

Leshrac

Ranged - Carry, Support, Nuker, Pusher, Disabler
20 +2.8
17 +2.5
22 +3.5
  • Скорость передвижения
    325
  • Базовая атака
    49-53
  • Базовая броня
    3.72
  • Дальность атаки
    575
HP 593 MP 291

Dragon Knight

Melee - Carry, Pusher, Durable, Disabler, Initiator, Nuker
21 +3.6
14 +2
18 +1.7
  • Скорость передвижения
    315
  • Базовая атака
    55-61
  • Базовая броня
    2.24
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 444 MP 327

Clinkz

Ranged - Carry, Escape, Pusher
18 +2
25 +2.7
21 +2.2
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    44-50
  • Базовая броня
    5
  • Дальность атаки
    600
HP 480 MP 450

Queen of Pain

Ranged - Carry, Nuker, Escape
20 +2.4
22 +2.5
25 +3.4
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    51-57
  • Базовая броня
    3.52
  • Дальность атаки
    550
HP 638 MP 291

Tusk

Melee - Initiator, Disabler, Nuker
23 +3.9
23 +1.9
18 +1.7
  • Скорость передвижения
    310
  • Базовая атака
    50-54
  • Базовая броня
    4.68
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 534 MP 405

Shadow Demon

Ranged - Support, Disabler, Initiator, Nuker
23 +2.6
18 +2.2
22 +3.6
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    51-55
  • Базовая броня
    2.88
  • Дальность атаки
    500
HP 615 MP 267

Omniknight

Melee - Support, Durable, Nuker
22 +3.1
15 +2
16 +2.1
  • Скорость передвижения
    310
  • Базовая атака
    53-63
  • Базовая броня
    5.4
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 516 MP 327

Razor

Ranged - Carry, Durable, Nuker, Pusher
22 +2.8
24 +2.8
21 +2.2
  • Скорость передвижения
    280
  • Базовая атака
    47-49
  • Базовая броня
    4.8
  • Дальность атаки
    475
HP 498 MP 315

Templar Assassin

Ranged - Carry, Escape
21 +2.4
23 +3.4
20 +2
  • Скорость передвижения
    310
  • Базовая атака
    51-56
  • Базовая броня
    4.6
  • Дальность атаки
    250
HP 408 MP 255

Drow Ranger

Ranged - Carry, Disabler, Pusher
16 +1.9
22 +2.8
15 +1.4
  • Скорость передвижения
    310
  • Базовая атака
    51-58
  • Базовая броня
    4.4
  • Дальность атаки
    625
HP 498 MP 525

Outworld Devourer

Ranged - Carry, Nuker, Disabler
21 +2.9
22 +1.6
30 +4.2
  • Скорость передвижения
    315
  • Базовая атака
    49-61
  • Базовая броня
    4.52
  • Дальность атаки
    450
HP 444 MP 420

Necrophos

Ranged - Carry, Nuker, Durable, Disabler
18 +2.3
12 +1.3
23 +2.7
  • Скорость передвижения
    280
  • Базовая атака
    49-53
  • Базовая броня
    3.92
  • Дальность атаки
    500
HP 638 MP 216

Huskar

Ranged - Carry, Durable, Initiator
23 +3.3
10 +1.5
18 +1.5
  • Скорость передвижения
    295
  • Базовая атака
    44-49
  • Базовая броня
    2.6
  • Дальность атаки
    400
HP 480 MP 525

Lina

Ranged - Support, Carry, Nuker, Disabler
20 +2.4
23 +2.4
30 +4
  • Скорость передвижения
    290
  • Базовая атака
    51-59
  • Базовая броня
    3.68
  • Дальность атаки
    670
HP 516 MP 315

Ember Spirit

Melee - Carry, Escape, Nuker, Disabler, Initiator
22 +2.3
22 +3.2
20 +2.2
  • Скорость передвижения
    300
  • Базовая атака
    55-59
  • Базовая броня
    4.4
  • Дальность атаки
    150
HP 615 MP 291

Earthshaker

Melee - Support, Initiator, Disabler, Nuker
22 +3.7
12 +1.4
18 +2.1
  • Скорость передвижения
    315
  • Базовая атака
    49-59
  • Базовая броня
    3.92
  • Дальность атаки
    150

Shiva's Guard

5175
  • + 5 Intelligence
  • + 5 Strength
  • + 5 Agility
  • + 5 Health Regeneration
  • + 15 Armor

Active: Arctic Blast
Emits a freezing wave that causes enemies to take 15% more damage from spells for 16 seconds, deals 200 magical damage and slows their movement by -40% for 4 seconds. Radius: 900
Passive: Freezing Aura
Reduces the attack speed of all enemies by -45 and Health Restoration and Incoming Heal Amplification by 25%. Radius: 1200

Said to have belonged to a goddess, today it retains much of its former power.

Компоненты:

1725
1400

Blink Dagger

2250

    Active: Blink
    Teleport to a target point up to 1200 units away. Blink Dagger cannot be used for 3 seconds after taking damage from an enemy hero or Roshan.

    The fabled dagger used by the fastest assassin ever to walk the lands.

    Phase Boots

    1500
    • + 50 Movement Speed
    • + 18 Damage (MELEE)
    • + 12 Damage (RANGED)
    • + 4 Armor

    Active: Phase
    Gives 20% increased movement speed on melee heroes, and 10% on ranged heroes, and lets you move through units and turn more quickly for 3 seconds.

    Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

    Boots that allow the wearer to travel between the ether.

    Компоненты:

    500
    550
    450

    Harpoon

    4700
    • + 25 Damage
    • + 25 Strength
    • + 10 Agility
    • + 10 Intelligence
    • + 2.0 Mana Regeneration

    Active: Draw Forth
    When targeting an enemy, fire a harpoon at them, that pulls you and the target closer together, up to 35% of the distance between you and your target. If the caster is melee, the hero and target are always pulled to within melee distance of each other.
    Passive: Echo Strike
    Causes melee attacks to attack twice in quick succession. The double attacks apply a 100% movement slow for 1 seconds on the first strike. Echo Strike cooldown: 5s

    A perfect solution for the flight of foes.

    Компоненты:

    2700
    1000

    Black King Bar

    4050
    • + 10 Strength
    • + 24 Damage

    Active: Avatar
    Applies a basic dispel. Grants 60% Magic resistance and immunity to pure and reflected damage. For the duration of the effect, any negative effect from enemy spells has no effect. Duration: 9 Dispel Type: Basic Dispel

    A powerful staff imbued with the strength of giants.

    Компоненты:

    1000
    1600

    Sange

    2100
    • + 16 Strength
    • + 20% Slow Resistance
    • + 16% Health Restoration

    Sange is an unusually accurate weapon, seeking weak points automatically.

    Компоненты:

    1000
    450

    Rattlecage

    0

      Passive: Reverberate
      After taking 180 damage from any source, the wearer fires a projectile at up to 2 random enemies in a 600 radius, prioritizing heroes, that deal 110 physical damage and slow the targets movement and attack speed by 100% for 0.2s.

      Magic Wand

      460
      • + 3 All Attributes

      Active: Energy Charge
      Instantly restores 15 health and mana per charge stored. Max 20 charges. Gains a charge whenever a visible enemy within 1200 range uses an ability.

      A simple wand used to channel magic energies, it is favored by apprentice wizards and great warlocks alike.

      Компоненты:

      200
      55
      55

      Arcane Boots

      1400
      • + 45 Movement Speed
      • + 0.25 Mana Regeneration

      Active: Replenish
      Restores 150 mana to all nearby allies. Radius: 1200
      Passive: Basilius Aura
      Grants 1 mana regeneration to allies. Radius: 1200

      Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

      Magi equipped with these boots are valued in battle.

      Компоненты:

      500
      425

      Observer Ward

      0

        Use: Plant
        Plants an Observer Ward, an invisible watcher that gives ground vision in a 1600 radius to your team. Lasts 6 minutes. Hold Control to give one Observer Ward to an allied hero.

        A form of half-sentient plant, often cultivated by apprentice wizards.

        Aeon Disk

        3000
        • + 250 Health
        • + 300 Mana
        • COOLDOWN: 105.0 / 125.0 / 145.0 / 165.0

        Passive: Combo Breaker
        When you take damage and your health falls below 70%, a strong dispel is applied and you gain a 2.5 second buff that provides +75% Status Resistance and causes all damage you deal and are dealt to be reduced to zero. Only triggers on player based damage. Cooldown increases every time it triggers.Dispel Type: Strong Dispel

        Компоненты:

        1000
        800

        Aether Lens

        2275
        • + 300 Mana
        • + 2.5 Mana Regeneration
        • + 225 Cast Range

        Polished with the incantation of his final breath, the gift of a dying mage to his sickly son.

        Компоненты:

        800
        700

        Dust of Appearance

        80

          Use: Reveal
          For 12 seconds, creates an area that reveals and slows invisible heroes by -20% in a 1050 radius where the caster was standing. Invisible units revealed by dust take 25 damage. The debuff effect on enemies lingers for 8s after leaving the area of effect.

          One may hide visage, but never volume.

          Kaya and Sange

          4200
          • + 16 Strength
          • + 16 Intelligence
          • + 25% Slow Resistance
          • + 50% Mana Regen Amplification
          • + 12% Spell Amplification
          • + 20% Health Restoration
          • + 25% Mana Cost/Mana Loss Reduction

          Two of three known items of unimaginable power that many believe were crafted at the same enchanter's forge.

          Компоненты:

          2100
          2100

          Spirit Vessel

          2725
          • + 1.75 Mana Regeneration
          • + 10 All Attributes
          • + 2 Armor
          • + 0 Health

          Active: Soul Release
          When used against enemies, it reduces health by 4% of current health per second, and reduces Health Restoration by 70% and incoming heals by 70%. Deals 25 damage per second. When used on allies, it provides 40 health regeneration per second. Lasts 8 seconds. Gains charges every time an enemy hero dies within 1500 units or the user dies.

          Компоненты:

          825
          1000

          Orb of Blight

          300

            Passive: Lesser Corruption
            Your attacks reduce the target's armor by -2 for 3 seconds.

            An unnerving stone unearthed beneath the Fields of Endless Carnage.

            Gleipnir

            4550
            • + 75 AoE Bonus
            • + 450 Health
            • + 12 Intelligence
            • + 200 Mana

            Active: Eternal Chains
            Roots all enemies in a 350 radius for 2 seconds.

            Bindings forged by impossible means to leash an ancient evil.

            Компоненты:

            1200
            2250

            Smoke of Deceit

            50

              Use: Disguise
              Turns the caster and all allied player-controlled units in a 1200 radius invisible, and grants 15% bonus movement speed for 45 seconds. While the caster is still disguised, any allies that come within 300 range of them will also get the buff applied to them. Each smoke can only be applied once to allies. Attacking or moving within 1025 range of an enemy hero or tower, will break the invisibility. Disguise grants invisibility that is immune to True Sight. Smoke of Deceit is usable from the backpack and has no cooldown when swapped into the main inventory.

              The charlatan wizard Myrddin's only true contribution to the arcane arts.

              Crippling Crossbow

              0

                Active: Hobble
                Hits an enemy for 75 damage, then slows them by 80% and reduces Health Restoration by 40% for 4 seconds. The slow gradually fades over the duration of the spell.

                The ever-weeping woodgrain of this crossbow coats every bolt in a potent but short-lived narcotic sap.

                Hurricane Pike

                4450
                • + 15 Intelligence
                • + 200 Health
                • + 20 Agility
                • + 15 Strength
                • + 140 Attack Range (Ranged Only)

                Active: Hurricane Thrust
                Pushes you and target enemy 450 units away from each other, and for 6 seconds, allows you to make 5 attacks against the target without range restrictions and with +100 attack speed. Can be cast on self or allies to push the target 600 units in the direction it is facing. Enemy Range: 450

                A legendary pike once held as royal sigil of the ancient wyvern riders.

                Компоненты:

                2200
                1900

                Butterfly

                5450
                • + 35 Agility
                • + 35% Evasion
                • + 20% Base Attack Speed Percentage
                • + 25 Damage

                Only the mightiest and most experienced of warriors can wield the Butterfly, but it provides incredible dexterity in combat.

                Компоненты:

                2800
                1300
                1350

                Bottle

                675

                  Active: Regenerate
                  Consumes a charge to restore 110 health and 60 mana over 2.7 seconds. If the hero is attacked by an enemy hero or Roshan, the effect is lost. The Bottle automatically refills at the fountain. Hold Control to use on an allied hero.
                  Passive: Store Rune
                  Runes can be stored in the Bottle for later use by right-clicking them. Unused runes will automatically activate after 90 seconds. Using a stored rune fully refills the Bottle.

                  An old bottle that survived the ages, the contents placed inside become enchanted.

                  Daedalus

                  5100
                  • + 88 Damage

                  Passive: Critical Strike
                  Grants each attack a 30% chance to deal 225% damage.

                  A weapon of incredible power that is difficult for even the strongest of warriors to control.

                  Компоненты:

                  2000
                  2200

                  Manta Style

                  4650
                  • + 10 Strength
                  • + 26 Agility
                  • + 10 Intelligence
                  • + 15 Attack Speed
                  • + 10% Movement Speed

                  Active: Mirror Image
                  Creates 2 images of your hero that last 18 seconds. Melee images deal 33% damage, while Ranged images deal 28%. Illusions take 300% damage. Dispel Type: Basic Dispel

                  An axe made of reflective materials that causes confusion amongst enemy ranks.

                  Компоненты:

                  2100
                  1000

                  Power Treads

                  1400
                  • + 45 Move Speed (Ranged Heroes)
                  • + 55 Move Speed (Melee Heroes)
                  • + 10 Selected Attribute
                  • + 25 Attack Speed

                  Active: Switch Attribute
                  Switches between +10 Strength, +10 Agility, or +10 Intelligence.

                  Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

                  A pair of tough-skinned boots that change to meet the demands of the wearer.

                  Компоненты:

                  500
                  450
                  450

                  Falcon Blade

                  1125
                  • + 200 Health
                  • + 1.8 Mana Regeneration
                  • + 14 Damage

                  An enchanted blade that long ago raised a hopeless urchin from pauper to king.

                  Компоненты:

                  250
                  175
                  450

                  Serrated Shiv

                  0

                    Passive: Gut 'Em
                    Attacks have a 20% chance to have True Strike and deal 8% of the target's current health as bonus physical damage. Deals a flat bonus of 200 against Roshan.

                    Too dangerous for taskwork, this blade's only purpose is vile murder.

                    Desolator

                    3500
                    • + 55 Damage

                    Passive: Corruption
                    Your attacks reduce the target's armor by -6 for 7 seconds.
                    Passive: Soul Stealer
                    Desolator gains +2 damage every time an enemy hero dies while affected by Corruption, to a maximum of 30.

                    A wicked weapon, used in torturing political criminals.

                    Компоненты:

                    1600
                    1600
                    300

                    Monkey King Bar

                    4700
                    • + 40 Damage
                    • + 45 Attack Speed

                    Passive: Pierce
                    Grants each attack a 80% chance to pierce through evasion and deal 70 bonus magical damage.

                    A powerful staff used by a master warrior.

                    Компоненты:

                    2200
                    900
                    1000

                    Giant's Maul

                    0
                    • CRITICAL DAMAGE: 140%
                    • MOVEMENT SLOW: 10%
                    • ATTACK SLOW: 15%
                    • CAST SPEED SLOW: 20%
                    • DURATION: 3

                    Passive: Crushing Blow
                    Empowers the next attack to be a critical hit. Hitting an enemy with an empowered attack temporarily decreases their movement speed, attack speed, and cast speed.

                    Crude but smashingly effective.

                    Tranquil Boots

                    900
                    • + 65 Movement Speed
                    • + 14 Health Regeneration

                    Passive: Break
                    Whenever you attack a hero or are attacked by any unit, the bonus 14 HP regen is lost and the movement speed bonus is reduced to 40 for 13 seconds.

                    Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

                    While they increase the longevity of the wearer, this boot is not particularly reliable.

                    Компоненты:

                    500
                    225
                    175

                    Ogre Axe

                    1000
                    • + 10 Strength

                    You grow stronger just by holding it.

                    Wind Lace

                    225
                    • + 15 Movement Speed

                    Bonuses from multiple Wind Laces do not stack.

                    Hasten to battle on wind-touched heels.

                    Staff of Wizardry

                    1000
                    • + 10 Intelligence

                    A staff of magical powers passed down from the eldest mages.

                    Searing Signet

                    0

                      Passive: Burn Through
                      Instances of magic damage from spells over 55 ignites enemies, causing them to take 90 magic damage over 6 seconds. Burn damage against non-hero targets is decreased by 50%.

                      To torture a magic user, one must devise means far beyond the mundane.

                      Kaya

                      2100
                      • + 16 Intelligence
                      • + 10% Spell Amplification
                      • + 40% Mana Regen Amplification

                      Компоненты:

                      1000
                      450

                      Octarine Core

                      4900
                      • + 25% Cooldown Reduction
                      • + 450 Health
                      • + 450 Mana
                      • + 6 Mana Regeneration

                      Passive: Cooldown Reduction
                      Reduces the cooldown time of all spells and items.

                      At the core of spellcraft are spectrums only the very gifted can sense.

                      Компоненты:

                      1700
                      3000

                      Gunpowder Gauntlet

                      0

                        Passive: Beat the Crowd
                        Your next attack deals an additional 120 magic damage and splashes to units within 250 units for 50% of the original attack's damage plus the additional magic damage.

                        A 'harmless' prank that went entirely too far.

                        Boots of Speed

                        500
                        • + 45 Movement Speed

                        Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

                        Fleet footwear, increasing movement.

                        Void Stone

                        700
                        • + 1.75 Mana Regeneration

                        Jewelry that was once used to channel nether realm magic, this ring pulses with energy.

                        Sentry Ward

                        50

                          Use: Plant
                          Plants a Sentry Ward, an invisible watcher that grants True Sight, the ability to see invisible enemy units and wards, to any existing allied vision within a 1050 radius. Lasts 7 minutes. Does not grant ground vision. Hold Control to give one Sentry Ward to an allied hero.

                          A form of plant originally grown in the garden of a fearful king.

                          Drum of Endurance

                          1625
                          • + 7 Strength
                          • + 7 Intelligence

                          Active: Endurance
                          Gives +35 attack speed and +13% movement speed to nearby allies for 6 seconds. Radius: 1200
                          Passive: Swiftness Aura
                          Grants 15 movement speed to allies. Radius: 1200

                          A relic that enchants the bodies of those around it for swifter movement in times of crisis.

                          Компоненты:

                          450
                          450
                          225

                          Ghost Scepter

                          1500
                          • + 5 All Attributes

                          Active: Ghost Form
                          You enter ghost form for 4 seconds, becoming immune to physical damage, but are unable to attack and -30% more vulnerable to magic damage.

                          Imbues the wielder with a ghostly presence, allowing them to evade physical damage.

                          Whisper of the Dread

                          0

                            Passive: Tunnel Vision
                            Equipped Hero has their daytime vision reduced by 15% but their Spell damage increased by 10%.

                            The air that passes through this amulet makes a dreadful sound.

                            Pipe of Insight

                            3725
                            • + 14.0 Health Regeneration
                            • + 20% Magic Resistance

                            Active: Barrier
                            Gives a magic damage barrier that absorbs 425 damage to all nearby allies. Lasts 8 seconds. Radius: 1200
                            Passive: Insight Aura
                            Gives allied units 2.5 health regeneration and 8% magic resistance. Radius: 1200

                            A powerful artifact of mysterious origin, it creates barriers against magical forces.

                            Компоненты:

                            800
                            425
                            1700

                            Guardian Greaves

                            4300
                            • + 50 Movement Speed
                            • + 5 Armor
                            • + 1.5 Mana Regeneration

                            Active: Mend
                            Restores 325 health and 200 mana to nearby allies, and removes most negative effects from the caster. Radius: 1200 Dispel Type: Basic Dispel
                            Passive: Guardian Aura
                            Grants 2.5 health regeneration and 1.5 mana regeneration to allied units. If the wearer's health falls below 25%, their health regeneration is increased to 14.5. Radius: 1200

                            Movement speed bonuses from multiple pairs of boots do not stack.

                            One of many holy instruments constructed to honor the Omniscience.

                            Компоненты:

                            1775
                            1400

                            Aghanim's Scepter

                            4200
                            • + 10 All Attributes
                            • + 175 Health
                            • + 175 Mana

                            Passive: Ability Upgrade
                            Upgrades the ultimate, and some abilities, of all heroes.

                            The scepter of a wizard with demigod-like powers.

                            Компоненты:

                            1200
                            1000
                            1000
                            1000

                            Aghanim's Shard

                            1400

                              Passive: Ability Upgrade
                              Upgrades an existing ability or adds a new ability to your hero.

                              With origins known only to a single wizard, fragments of this impossible crystal are nearly as coveted as the renowned scepter itself.